Ceramic polyaniline-carbon composite obtained by ultrasound-assisted sol–gel route: Electrochemical performance towards environmental pollutants

A new ceramic carbon polyaniline electrode material, namely Sonogel-Carbon-polyaniline (SNG-C-PANI), was synthesized using high-power ultrasound. The synthesis conditions were optimized by means of a full factorial design. electroactivity polyaniline, previously characterized Raman spectroscopy, is retained into the sonogel matrix. After and subsequent characterization, material applied in electrochemical determination benchmark analyte, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC), providing excellent figures merit, e.g. high sensitivity (5.19 × 103 ± 110 µA/mM·cm2) low limit detection (0.36 µM), as well suitable selectivity reproducibility (%RSD < 4%). Besides electroactive surface can be restored performing cyclic treatment or simple mechanical polishing, minimizing fouling phenomena commonly found conducting polymer layer-based sensors. other chlorophenols interest also performed, obtaining remarkable analytical results. Finally, sensor successfully spiked tap water analyses.